From Nutrition to Knowledge: Leveraging Biotechnology to Combat Deficiencies and Enhance the Academic Performance of EFL Students

Abstract

Nutrition plays a crucial role in supporting brain function, cognitive performance, and learning efficiency. Despite growing interest in educational neuroscience, limited attention has been given to how micronutrient status influences academic outcomes among university students, particularly those enrolled in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) programs. The present study explored the relationship between nutritional status, cognitive function, and academic achievement among EFL students, aligning its objectives with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being) and SDG 4 (Quality Education). Furthermore, the study examined how the integration of artificial intelligence (AI)-based nutritional monitoring systems could promote healthier learning environments and enhance educational outcomes through evidence-based nutritional interventions. A combination of quantitative and qualitative methods was employed, involving 222 students at the university in Saudi Arabia. A quantitative approach was employed to administer a structured questionnaire that assessed dietary habits, cognitive challenges, and learning performance. A total of 100 participants were selected through stratified random sampling, including 50 students with high CGPAs (≥ 3.0) and 50 with low CGPAs (< 3.0). Laboratory Results analyses were performed to determine serum levels of iron, vitamin B₁₂, and vitamin D. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and independent sample t-tests (p < 0.05). Results revealed that students with higher CGPAs had significantly greater serum levels of iron (110 ± 15 µg/dL), vitamin B₁₂ (470 ± 85 pg/mL), and vitamin D (32 ± 6 ng/mL) compared to their low-performing peers (65 ± 12 µg/dL, 210 ± 60 pg/mL, and 15 ± 4 ng/mL, respectively; p < 0.001). Micronutrient deficiencies were associated with fatigue, poor concentration, and reduced alertness. Conceptual modeling suggests that AI-based nutritional platforms such as NutriSense and FoodAI could support real-time dietary tracking, deficiency prediction, and personalized nutritional interventions. The findings suggest that optimal levels of iron, vitamin B₁₂, and vitamin D are strongly linked with superior cognitive and academic performance among EFL students. Integrating AI-driven nutrition monitoring systems offers a promising avenue for early detection and prevention of micronutrient deficiencies, thereby supporting enhanced cognitive health and academic success. By bridging nutrition, language education, and technological innovation, this research contributes to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly by advancing health, quality education, and sustainable innovation through evidence-based, technology-supported interventions.